Seatzu Francesco
IL GIORNO DOPO IL DOMANI: IL DIRITTO ALLE SEMENTI COME NUOVO E DISTINTO DIRITTO UMANO? - THE DAY AFTER NO TOMORROW: THE RIGHT TO SEEDS AS A NEW AND DISTINCT HUMAN RIGHT?
in federalismi.it, 2024, fasc. 10 pag. 215 - 226
(Bibliografia: a pié di pagina o nel corpo del testo)
The article delves into the emerging concept of the right to seeds as a potential new human right, particularly in the context of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP). It highlights the efforts of environmental and human rights NGOs, as well as legal scholars, to advocate for the preservation and enhancement of peasants' rights to seeds in response to challenges such as seed enclosure and loss of agro-biodiversity. The discussion explores whether the right to seeds can be considered an instrumental right, primarily aimed at protecting intellectual property interests, or if it holds intrinsic value as a human right. Despite initial assumptions, the article argues that intellectual property and human rights logics are not inherently conflicting and may complement each other. Critically, the article examines Article 19 of the UNDROP, which addresses the right to seeds and agricultural knowledge. It analyzes the language and provisions of Article 19, highlighting both its potential strengths and shortcomings. While Article 19 represents a significant step in acknowledging peasants' rights to seeds, its vague and ambiguous language raises questions about its effectiveness in practice. In conclusion, the article underscores the importance of clarifying and strengthening the legal framework surrounding the right to seeds to ensure the protection of peasants' fundamental rights and freedoms. Despite the challenges and criticisms, the recognition of the right to seeds within international human rights discourse marks a significant milestone in the ongoing struggle for agricultural sovereignty and rural livelihoods.
Sommario: Introduction. 1. Is the Right to Seeds an Instrumental Right? 2. The Right to Seeds as a New and Distinct Human Right? 3. The Right to Seeds Under the UNDROP. 4. Concluding Remarks.
In tema di: Diritti dei contadini e delle altre persone che lavorano nelle aree rurali. Diritto alle sementi come potenziale nuovo diritto umano. Sforzo delle Organizzazioni Non Governative (ONG - "Non-Governmental Organizations" - NGOs) e degli studiosi di diritto nel sostenimento della conservazione ed il rafforzamento dei diritti dei contadini. Diritto alle sementi come diritto strumentale (a tutela degli interessi della proprietà intellettuale) o diritto umano.
Fonti
- accordo Marrakech 15 aprile 1994 (Accordo sugli aspetti commerciali dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale - Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs))
- risoluzione Assemblea generale (ONU) New York (Stati Uniti d'America) 17 dicembre 2018, n. A/RES/73/165 (Dichiarazione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti dei contadini e delle altre persone che lavorano nelle aree rurali - United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP)) art. 19
- trattato Organizzazione per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura (Food and Agriculture Organization – FAO) 3 novembre 2001 (Trattato internazionale sulle risorse fitogenetiche per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura - International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA)) art. 9
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