Garofoli Francesca Iole
IL FALSO MITO DEL GIUDICATO PENALE E I RIMEDI INACCESSIBILI DELLA REVISIONE - THE FALSE MYTH OF THE CRIMINAL JUDGMENT AND THE INACCESSIBLE REMEDIES OF THE REVISION
in Diritto penale e processo, 2024, fasc. 4 pag. 542 - 550
(Bibliografia: a pié di pagina o nel corpo del testo)
[Abstract tratto dalla rivista]
The paper analyses the unevolutionary path of criminal judgment. In particular, if in pre-classical Roman law, the "legis actiones" highlighted the preclusive limit of "res judicata" in the "bis de eadem re ne sit actio", on the contrary, over time, the dogmatic elaboration will be influenced by the rules of private law where the "exceptio rei iudicatae" will be affirmed, understood as an instrument at the disposal of the defendant in court, suitable for paralyzing the initiative, unduly repeated by the actor. Therefore, it will be necessary to wait in criminal proceedings, to confirm a connotation of "res judicata", oriented to the stability of judicial decisions, once exhausted or not exercised, the appeals remedies. Thus, if its raison is linked to instances of legal certainty in the Napoleonic code of 1808, on the other hand, in the code of 1913 the purpose of individual protection will be highlighted, while in that of 1930, it will become an expression of the opposite principle of subjection to the imperativeness of the law. On a diversified level, the investigation seeks to highlight the false myth of the inviolability of sentences and penal decrees of conviction that have acquired authority of "res judicata", according to the conditions established by art. 648 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, since it is necessary to coordinate with the regulatory data based on which such rulings can be exceptionally modified or revoked. In fact, in certain cases established by the procedural law, our legal system has not accepted the principle of absolute irrevocability, since a tightening of the system always entails a margin of error, in the case of a conviction issued against a person who proves innocent later. For this reason, the need felt by the legislator to create appropriate remedies that demonstrate the flexibility of "res judicata" and, as such, permeable to manipulative or ablative interventions. However, remedies appear inaccessible in the domestic legal system and, in fact, sacrifice the constitutional basis of "res judicata", compromising the reasons of the innocent.[Abstract appeared in the Journal]
Sommario: L'intangibilità della "firmitas" nell'esegesi del Diritto romano. - Le successive involuzioni interpretative. - Il fondamento costituzionale e la dimensione politica del giudicato. - Il giudicato penale: diversità dal giudicato civile. - La funzione giurisdizionale del giudicato tra principio del "ne bis in idem" e revisione del processo: inaccessibilità dei rimedi.
Fonti
- codice 16 novembre 1808 (Codice di procedura penale - Code d'instruction criminelle) (Francia)
- Codice civile art. 2909
- Codice di procedura penale art. 648
- Codice di procedura penale del 1913 art. 435
- Codice di procedura penale del 1930 art. 25-28
- Costituzione art. 27, comma 2
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