Grosso Carlo Federico
LA DIFESA LEGITTIMA DOPO LA L. 26 APRILE 2019, N. 36 - THE SELF-DEFENSE AFTER THE LAW OF APRIL 26TH 2019, N. 36
(Commento a legge 26 aprile 2019, n. 36 (Modifiche al codice penale e altre disposizioni in materia di legittima difesa))
in Diritto penale e processo, 2019, fasc. 7 pag. 885 - 892
(Bibliografia: a pié di pagina o nel corpo del testo)
[Abstract tratto dalla rivista]
The reform of self-defence (Act of April 26th 2019, n. 36) has deeply modified the rules of self-defence inside people's home or workplace. Self-defence outside home or workplace is still regulated by the 1930 regulation, while the new law draws a distinction between self-defence against the aggressor entering home or workplace without violence and threat or the aggressor doing it with violence and threat. In the first case, the reform of Act of February 13, 2006, n. 59, has been confirmed (it established that "the proportion of the reaction" was to be considered "presumed": so, any form of reaction was justified even against the life of the aggressor in order to protect patrimonial properties (confirming, however, the other elements of justification, such as the relevance of danger). In the second case, all the elements of justification have been considered "presumed" (the person who defends himself is "always acting in self-defence"), turning the right of self-defence into a killing licence, and so clearly violating what is established by the Italian Constitution and by the Cedu rules. As to the second case, the 2019 Act has also stated that, in the case of excessive self-defence, "liability to punishment" is always excluded towards those who have acted "in a condition of deep upset", so offering further impunity to those who exceed in self-defence: it is in fact reasonable to assume that, considering how difficult it is to decide upon the level of upset, the judge will be inclined to recognize the seriousness of the upset and therefore to consider not liable to punishment those who culpably reacted beyond the limits of justification.[Abstract appeared in the Journal]
Sommario: La difesa legittima nella formulazione originaria dell'art. 52 c.p. - La riforma di cui alla L. 13 febbraio 2006, n. 59: un primo scossone ad una ragionevole configurazione del diritto di difesa. - La L. n. 36/2019 ed i rischi di trasformare il diritto di difendere in licenza di uccidere.
Fonti
- Codice penale art. 52
- convenzione Consiglio d'Europa Roma 4 novembre 1950 (Convenzione europea per la salvaguardia dei diritti dell'uomo e delle libertà fondamentali) art. 2
- l. 13 febbraio 2006, n. 59
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