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LA FINE DELLO STATO DI GUERRA E IL RIPRISTINO DELLA PACE TRA ERITREA ED ETIOPIA - THE END OF THE STATE OF WAR AND THE RECOVERY OF PEACE BETWEEN ERITREA AND ETHIOPIA
in Rivista di diritto internazionale, 2018, fasc. 4 pag. 1211 - 1220
(Bibliografia: a pié di pagina o nel corpo del testo)
The Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship between Eritrea and Ethiopia of 9 July 2018 puts an end to the long freeze in relations between them that followed the 1998-2000 border conflict. The Agreement of 12 December 2000 only aimed at creating «dissociative peace», to use the wording of Roling, that is a situation of absence of hostilities by means of separation of forces and demarcation of frontiers. The Joint Declaration was prompted by the decision of the Ethiopian Government to accept fully and implement the 2002 Boundary Commission's decision regarding the delimitation of the border. It provides for the normalization of relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia and, to this end, it opens with the announcement of the termination of the state of war between them. On the basis of the previous conduct of the parties and the evolution of international law relating to the state of war, it is submitted that such announcement has mainly an emphatic character, aiming at stressing the establishment of «associative peace» between Eritrea and Ethiopia. They immediately adopted several measures implementing the Joint Declaration, including the resumption of diplomatic relations and air connections between Asmara and Addis Ababa. Moreover, on 16 September 2018 the Agreement on Peace, Friendship and Comprehensive Cooperation was concluded, which reiterated the commitments set out in the Joint Declaration. As to the aforementioned Boundary Commission's decision, both the Joint Declaration and the Agreement on Peace did not specify how and when it will be implemented. It will certainly take time for Eritrea and Ethiopia to demarcate the boundary. In the A.'s opinion, this will be the real test for their proclaimed willingness to collaborate and an essential bulwark against the outbreak of a new armed conflict.[Abstract appeared in the Journal]
In tema di: La fine dello stato di guerra ed il ripristino della pace tra Eritrea ed Etiopia nel luglio 2018. I c.d. Accordi di Algeri: l'Accordo sulla cessazione delle ostilità del 18 giugno 2000 e l'Accordo del 12 dicembre 2000, noto come Accordo di pace. Le origini e le fasi del conflitto. La Missione delle Nazioni Unite in Etiopia ed Eritrea (UMEE). L'attuazione parziale dell'Accordo del 12 dicembre 2000 e la paralisi nei rapporti tra Eritrea ed Etiopia fino al giugno 2018. Il progressivo svuotamento dell'istituto dello stato di guerra. L'Accordo di pace, amicizia e cooperazione generale del 16 settembre 2018: obiettivi e impegni assunti dagli Stati contraenti.
Fonti
- accordo Eritrea-Etiopia 12 dicembre 2000
- accordo Eritrea-Etiopia 16 settembre 2018
- accordo Eritrea-Etiopia 18 giugno 2000
- ris. Cons. sicurezza ONU 31 luglio 2000 n. 1312
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